There are a number of ways to ask someone a question in French. Like in English, you'll find most native speakers use these variations interchangeably, regardless of the context or social surrounds.

1. The most straightforward way of asking a question is with inflection. Make a statement but direct it towards someone by raising your voice towards the end of a sentence - par example:
   
   Tu sors ce soir?
   Are you going out tonight?
   
   Tu travailles aujourd'hui?
   Are you working today?
   
2. Inversion is the process of changing the order of the subject pronoun and the conjugated verb form. While it's used with questions more frequently in writing than in general conversation, you'll still regularly come across it. The above examples become:
   
   Sors-tu ce soir?
   Are you going out tonight?
   
   Travailles-tu aujourd'hui?
   Are you working today?
   
   ...and to reference 80s pop culture:
   Voulez-vous coucher avec moi ce soir?
   Would you like to sleep with me tonight?
   Note: Don't use inversion with the pronoun je. Also, When inverting with il and elle, use a t when the conjugated verb ends in a vowel.
   
   Aime-t-elle le tennis?
   Does she like tennis?
   
   Y a-t-il plus de pain ?
   Is there any more bread?
   
3. Next up is the enigmatic est-ce que. Although there's no literal translation, placing est-ce que before a sentence indicates that a question is to follow.
   
   Est-ce que tu vas aller à Paris ce week-end?
   Are you going to go to Paris this weekend?
   
   Est-ce que tu es allé à la disco la nuit dernière?
   Did you go to the disco last night?
   
4. Finally, questions can also be asked by affixing 'n'est-ce pas?' to the end of a sentence - par example:
   
   Vous êtes d'Irlande, n'est ce pas?
   You're from Ireland, right?
   
   Madrid est le capital de l'Espagne, n'est ce pas?
   Madrid is the capital of Spain, isn't that so?