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The 'second conjugation' of French verbs end in -ir and follow their own regular set of rules. There are, however, a number of irregular ir verbs who just had be different. You can't win 'em all. Tut tut.


Les Verbes -IR | -IR Verbs


1. Formation
As with 'er' verbs, the part of the verb without the 'ir' infinitive ending is known as the stem or radical. While there are a number of slight spelling and pronunciation changes to consider, to conjugate an -ir verb, remove the infinitive and add the one appropriate:

pronoun +stem  + present ending
Je-is
tu-is
il / elle / on  -it
nous-  issons
vous-issez
ils / elles    -issent

It should be noted that the forms ending in -is, -it and -issent generally sound the same and are again muted when delivering; however, the endings -issons and -issez are pronounced, but, once again, on is usually preferred to nous in everyday conversation.


2. Examples

This table details the most commonly used French regular -ir verbs. To learn to conjugate them in every tense, check out the uber-useful and highly recommended University of Chicago's ARTFL Project.

abolir to abolish
agir to act
avertir to warn
bâtir to build
choisir to choose
établir to establish
étourdir to surprise / shock
finir to finish
grossir to get fat
guérir to get well
nourrir to feed
obéir to obey
punir to punish
réfléchir to reflect / think
remplir to fill
réussir to succeed
rougir to blush
vieillir to grow old

3. Concept Check

This table illustrates examples of regular -ir verbs in le présent:

pronom finir (to finish) choisir (to choose) avertir (to warn)
Jefinischoisisavertis
tufinischoisisavertis
il / elle / on finitchoisitavertit
nousfinissons choisissonsavertissons
vousfinissezchoisissezavertissez
ils / ellesfinissentchoisissentavertissent



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